Performance Evaluation of Packet Relaying in Ad Hoc Networks

نویسندگان

  • Ahmad Al Hanbali
  • Philippe Nain
  • Eitan Altman
چکیده

Considered is a mobile ad hoc network consisting of three types of nodes (source, destination and relay nodes) and using the two-hop relay routing protocol. Packets at relay nodes are assumed to have a limited lifetime in the network. All nodes are moving inside a bounded region according to some random mobility model. Both closed-form expressions, and asymptotic results when the number of nodes is large, are provided for a number of QoS metrics related to the packet delivery delay and the energy needed to transmit a packet from the source to its destination. Markov models and mean-field approximations are used. We also introduce and evaluate a variant of the two-hop relay protocol that limits the number of copies of a packet in the network. Our model is validated through simulations for two mobility models (random waypoint and random direction mobility models), numerical results for the two-hop relay protocols are reported, and the performance of the two-hop routing and of the epidemic routing protocols are compared. Key-words: Ad hoc network, Two-hop relay protocol, Limited packet lifetime, Mobility model, Markovian analysis, Mean-field approximation, QoS metric. Évaluation de Performance des Protocoles à base de Relais dans les Réseaux Ad Hoc Résumé : Nous considérons un réseau ad hoc mobile constitué de trois types de nœuds: source, destination et nœud relais. Le rôle du nœud relais est de transmettre les paquets entre la source et la destination en l’absence d’une route directe entre ces derniers. Nous supposons que la durée de vie des paquets transmis par les noeuds relais est limitée. Tous les nœuds se déplacent indépendamment les uns des autres, selon le même modèle de mobilité. Nous établissons les formules de la distribution de probabilité des temps de délai pour l’envoi des paquets à la destination, ainsi que la quantité d’énergie consommée par le réseau pour l’envoi des paquets. Ces formules ont été trouvées en utilisant un modèle markovien et un modèle fluide. En plus, nous étudions l’effet sur les temps de délai de limiter la quantité d’energie à consommer par le rèseau . En comparant les résultats théoriques trouvés et les résultats des simulations, nous avons trouvé que notre modèle est précis surtout pour les petites valeurs de portée de transmission des noeuds et lorsque le nombre des noeuds est fini. Mots-clés : réseaux ad hoc, relais des paquets, paquet de durée de vie limitée, modèles de mobilité, analyse Markovienne, évaluation de performance. Performance Evaluation of Packet Relaying in Ad Hoc Networks 3

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تاریخ انتشار 2006